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PUBLIC HEALTH 0347 AUNG KYAW, ALBERT A study of behavioural aspects of alcoholic patients admitted at Rangoon Psychiatric Hospital in 1984. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 47 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The main aim was to study the general conception of the role of psychosocial and behavioural factors involved in chronic alcoholics. The demographic characteristic of the patients such as age, sex, religion, race, marital status were described. Moreover, the factor that exposes to alcoholism and the characteristic of alcoholic behaviours were described. ~~~ 0348 AYE AYE AUNG Review of present vital registration system in urban areas of Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 86 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Presented a comprehensive picture of the present status (1962-1986) of the vital registration system in urban areas of Myanmar with recommendations to improve it. ~~~ 0349 AYE AYE MYINT
The study of ten
leading causes of death in urban areas of Myanmar (1978-1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,
Public Health ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), In the study, the contribution made by each leading causes of death was assessed; its impact on the general mortality and comparative study of leading causes of death in Myanmar with those of selected countries were explored; and baseline information for the preparation and design of intervention programmes was provided. ~~~ 0350 AYE MIN Study of ischaemic heart disease in factory workers of Rangoon (1984-1985)Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 121 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The morbidity pattern of factory workers due to ischaemic heart disease, the types of presentations of ischaemic heart disease, and the identification of the relevant epidemiological festures of ischaemic heart disease were described. ~~~ 0351 BO KYWE Problems in the preparatory phase of People's Health Plan in PonnagyunTownship (1981-82). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 74 leaves. (DMR; IM 1) A brief account of health care delivery systems of Myanmar, emergence of country health programming methodology, adoption of primary health care approach, and formulation of People's Health Plan Myanmar were described. ~~~ 0352 HLA LWIN Water supply of Rangoon City. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 78 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Describes the situation of the City water supply, the effectiveness of the City water supply,the health and water supply relationship, recommendation for the improvement of Yangon City water supply. ~~~ 0353 HLA PE Health services utilization in Ngape Township. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 77 leaves. (IM 1) It reveals the underutilization of the health services and facilities by those away from all health centres including the township hospital because of inaccessibility due to the physical barriers, the distance, the difficult transportations. ~~~ 0354 HTAY LWIN Problems in implementation of expanded programme on immunization in Taikkyi Township (May 1981- April 1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 96 leaves. (IM 1) Reports on the expanded programme on immunization in Taikkyi township (May 1981 - April 1982) and problems it faces. ~~~ 0355 HTAY WIN Malaria situation in Mon State (1978-1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 95 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Assesses situation of malaria in Mon State, the effectiveness of malaria control programme during the period 1978 to 1982 (PHP I), and to apply the knowledge gained from the analysis results to other states and divisions. ~~~ 0356 HTEIN LIN
Construction of abridged
life table in urban area, Burma, 1980. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) --
Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. This thesis attempts to construct the abridged life table in urban area, Myanmar with latest available mortality data (i.e. 1980); to study the age and sex specific death rate in constructing the abridged life table; to compare with other life table results of previous years which has been already constructed; and to compare the life expectancy at birth (e ) of urban area, Myanmar 1980 with those of other countries. ~~~ 0357 HTIN KYAW Utilization of health manpower (medical doctor) in Rangoon General Hospital. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1988. 63 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The distribution of medical doctors in Y.G.H., the work load and deployment of medical doctors in different units of Y.G.H., and the deployment pattern of Civil Assistant Surgeons in various units of Y.G.H. were described. ~~~ 0358 HTUN NAING OO
Rural water supply
in Hmawbi Township. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Public Health )Postgraduate School of
Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 80 leaves. Studied rural water supply systems in Hmawbi and based on the findings, proposed various methods for safe water supply. ~ 0359 HTWAY KYAW MG. Operational assessment of goitre control project in Namkham Township (1982-84). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1987. 119 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Presented the effect of goitre control through iodinated oil (lipiodol) injection in Namkham Township, and the cost benefit was examined. ~~~ 0360 KHIN LIN
Occupational accidents
in Burma Dockyards (1980-1984). Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Institute
of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 122 leaves. The pattern and trends of occupational accidents in Myanma Shipyards and Ahlone Dockyard from 1980 to 1984, was studied. The relationship between the accidents and associated factors such as age, occupation, service, month of the year, day of the week, time of the day, different climatic conditions and other variable factors were also studied. ~~~ 0361 KHIN MG AYE
Visual impairment
and blindness - a public health problem in Burma.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public
Health )Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, Epidemiological pattern of visual impairment and blindness, and major causes of blindness were studied. The data were from hospital records, reports and findings of surveys, which were undertaken by the Trachoma Control and Prevention of Blindness Progamme of Myanmar and other relevant papers on visual impairment and blindness. It revealed that major causes of visual impairment and blindness in Myanmar were trachoma and its associated infections, cataract, glaucoma, eye injuries, blinding malnutrition and other eye diseases. ] ~~~ 0362 KHIN MYITZU HAN Analytical study of the functions of a Community Nutrition Centre (Thaketa Community Nutrition Centre) 1982-1986. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 57 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study analysed the functions of Thaketa Community Nutrition Centre, during the 4 years period starting from 1982 April to 1986 March, and to characterize the protein energy malnutrition cases, managed at the Community Nutrition Centre with regards to age, sex, birth order, siblings and associated socio-economic factors, and family size. ~~~ 0363 KHIN OHNMAR SAN Evaluation of task-oriented training for Public Health Supervisor Grade II. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Institute of Medicine (1),Rangoon, 1988. 129 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study is to evaluate the task-oriented training for Public Health Supervisor Grade II in Health Assistant Training School, Aung San Myo, based on the assumption that with proper and effective training, the health personnel will be able to serve the unique health needs of the community. ~~~ 0364 KHIN SAN KYWE A study on the determinants of defaulting tuberculosis cases at Union Tuberculosis Institute, 1981. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 86 leaves. (IM 1) The global tuberculosis problem as well as the problem of this disease in Myanmar was discussed. ~~~ 0365 KHIN SAN TINT Dental health manpower situation in Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 72 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Data on different categories of oral health personnel, their present number already trained and their distribution in the 14 States and Divisions of Myanmar were reviewed. Mismatches between production and utilization and how to utilize the surplus of dental manpower was discussed. Current dental health needs and existing dental health manpower situation of Myanmar and of other countries in the Asian-Pacific region were also compared. ~~~ 0366 KHIN THET WAI A study on Latrine Construction Programme in Yandoon Township (1981-1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 72 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study deals with the "Latrine Construction Programme" in Yandoon Township, undertaken in Myanmar by the Department of Health, with the assistance of UNICEF and WHO. The programme was launched in two village tracts under two different RHCs. The programme period was from December 1981 to May 1982. Various dimensions, namely technical, socio-economic and health aspects related to the acceptance and utilization of latrines were examined and analysed. Defects, obstacles and constraints were identified and highlighted so that it may be helpful in carrying out the programmes in other areas in the nation-wide scale of latrine construction in Myanmar. ~~~ 0367 KYAW NYUNT SEIN Study of Project Support Communication Programme in two villages of Singaing Township (May 1979 - December 1981). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 95 leaves. (IM 1) It points out the importance of primary health care and its services to be acceptable and accessible to the community. To be effective, the Project Support Communication Programme is necessary. ~~~ 0368 KYAW SHEIN, MAUNG Epidemiology of new leprosy cases registered for treatment in Rangoon City during the year 1986. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 65 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The epidemiological features of new leprosy cases in Yangon City; the distribution of new leprosy cases by classification of disease; the association between duration of disease and deformity status; and the assessment of the case finding activity in Yangon City were described. ~~~ 0369 LEI LEI WAI Morbidity and mortality pattern of condition due to violence as registered in R.G.H. (1980 - 1984). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 147 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) A retrospective study on morbidity and mortality pattern of condition due to violence was carried out in Y.G.H. to cover all the reported violence cases and deaths registered in Y.G.H. for the years 1980-1984. ~~~ 0370 LUN PE A study of occupational accidents in Rangon Saw Mills (1980/81-1983/84).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduate School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 112 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Occupational accidents in four of Yangon Saw Mills, namely, No. 1,2,4 and 6 were studied for a four year period. It was found that accidents occurred throughout the year, the lowest being in April and the highest during the rainy season. ~~~ 0371 MAUNG MAUNG The epidemiology study of tuberculosis in Rangon Division (1975-1984). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 97 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM I) A retrospective study of collected data from 1975 to 1984 has been carried out at the Union of Tuberculosis Institute, Yangon, in order to see if there has been any change in situation of tuberculosis within this period with view to analyse the data and make recommendations to improve the operational services of National Tuberculosis Programme.The findings of the results of the study strongly indicate that there has been marked reduction in incidence rates of all forms of tuberculosis, smear positive infectious diseases, and also in mortality rates. ~~~ 0372 MAUNG MAUNG LIN Laboratory utilization in one medical ward, Rangoon General Hospital (1985). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 211 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) A retrospective study of the laboratory utilization of a medical ward in Y.G.H. was done for the year 1985. The various pattern of laboratory utilization in relation to 14 diagnosis related groups based on the 19 single leading causes of morbidity in New Y.G.H., medical ward, 1985 was studied. This paper will be a baseline data, for future study of planning, budgeting and financial control of hospital laboratory services. ~~~ 0373 MU MU NYO A comparative study of growth and development of primary school children in Rangoon Division (1972-1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 127 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study was done with the objectives of assessing the nutritional status and growth of the primary school children of Yangon Division over the 10 years period (1972-1982) by doing the nutritional anthropometry and also to evaluate the achievement of the activities of the school health services. ~~~ 0374 MYA KHINE, MA
Present status and
distribution of physician manpower in Burma.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health
) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, The objective of this study is to assess the present situation of physician manpower in Myanmar and also to find out the existing situation of specialist medical manpower in Myanmar. ~~~ 0375 MYA SANDA KHAING Epidemiology of venereal disease (syphilis) in selected areas of Rangoon.1985-1986. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 149 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1)
The epidemiology
of syphilis in selected areas of Yangon City for the year 1985 and 1986 by means
of descriptive methods in terms of time, place and person characteristics, especially
among young age groups of both sexes among pregnant women and among high risk
group and ~~~ 0376 MYA THAN NWAI A study of fertility variables of Burmese women (1968-1978).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 56 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This is the study of fertility variables of Myanmar women in urban areas, Myanmar, during 1968 to 1978 which focuses mainly on the demographic features of fertility. The fertility measurements are done according to the data available in C.S.O. The important variables which are required for this study are age and sex distribution of population, percentage distribution of female population by reproductive age groups, number of live births according to age group of mothers, number of live births by birth order. ~~~
School health services in Myanmar (1978-1986). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1989. 107 leaves. (DMS; IM 1) School health services, its patterns of utilization and effectiveness in the people's health programme period (1978-86) were analysed; the imbalance between the established requirement and the expected supply was evaluated; the plans for strengthening of school health services were proposed. ~~~ 0378 MYAT LAY KYIN A study on feeding practices and nutritional status of infant and young children in selected areas of Rangoon. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 92 Leaves. (IM 1) It is believed that breast feeding alone is sufficient for protein and calories needs of infants below 6 months of age. After 6 months, the amount of protein and calories from breast milk, however, could not keep pace with the gain in body weight of infants so that proper and adequate supplementary feeding is important for the infants beyond the age of 6 months. ~~~ 0379 MYINT LIN Thesis on distribution of diseases by States and Divisions as revealed by hospital utilization (1977-1981). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 110 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The morbidity and mortality pattern of the diseases treated in the States and Divisional hospitals during the past 5 years i.e. (1977-1981) was studied. These diseases were also studied by single leading causes of morbidity and mortality, age group and sex of in-patients, percentage distribution, morbidity rate (i.e. no. of cases per 100,000 population), case fatality rate (i.e. no. deaths per 100 cases), and average duration of stay. ~~~ 0380 MYINT ZAW A study of epidemiology of primipara serological test for syphilis in the City of Rangoon. 1974-83. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 40 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Epidemiological study of the primipara seroreaction in Yangon City was attempted. A short account and history of Yangon was given and the Greater Yangon with its extended areas included. ~~~ 0381 MYO OO Utilization of pharmacists in Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 58 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Utilization of pharmacists who obtained diplomas in pharmacy from Institute of Paramedical Sciences and who were engaged in government services employment were studied. Self-administered questionnaire method has been used. Records from the Institutes were reviewed. ~~~ 0382 MYO THET HTOON Follow-up patients after release from control in Minbu Leprosy Control Project (1979-1981). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 56 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) 83 cases that were released using the first criteria (1974-1975) and 356 cases that were released using the second modified criteria (1976-1981) were analysed and studied. The re-examination of all these discharged cases were performed by the Team Leader of Minbu Leprosy Control Project during the period of August 1978 to October 1981. ~~~ 0383 NAY LIN
Comparative study
of rural and urban Community Health Workers. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Public Health
) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. A brief account on the development of Primary Health Care and Community Health Workers in Myanmar was described. The problems encountered in preparation and implementation of rural and urban Community Health Workers were also described, discussed and recommendation had been worked out to overcome these problems. ~~~ 0384 NI NI Dental health services in Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 99 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Investigated and reported on the origin and development of dental health services and also of the organization, manpower situation and dental health problems in Myanmar. ~~~ 0385 NYO NYO KYAING A situational analysis of water supply and sanitation in a peri-urban area of Yangon city (Thingangyun, 1987). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1989. 89 leaves. (DMS; IM 1) Occurrence of diseases related to environmental sanitation in Thinganganyun during 1987,the socio-economic status of the community of Thingangyun, and the performance of ecommendations for the improvement of water supply and sanitation of Thingangyun were described. ~~~ 0386 SAN HLA MU Prevalence of obstructive airway disease in Kyangin Cement Mill (1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 58 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) A survey was conducted among 1350 workers at Kyangin Cement Mill in January 1982 for 1 week, to establish any prevalence of obstructive airway disease, the level of total and respirable dust in various departments, and the causal relationship of the cement dust and obstructive airway disease. ~~~ 0387 SANN SHWE, MA Work study of the health personnel of selected Rural Health Centres in Bassein East Township (1982). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 100 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) A work study of the health personnel of selected Rural Health Centres in Pathein East Township was carried out during the period March 19 to 30, 1982. The methods applied in the study included work sampling, task analysis and record analysis, in order to obtain relevant information on the features of time distribution of health personnel in performing various activities and services generated by each of them. ~~~ 0388 SAW LWIN Critical analysis on current situation of malaria in Magwe Division (1981-1985).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 97 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The malaria situation in Magway Division, the factors that have hindered or promoted malaria control, the prioritization of the malaria problem areas, and the activities of the malaria control programme in Magway Division are described. ~~~ 0389 SAW MAUNG Morbidity and mortality pattern of malaria in D.S.G.H. medical wards (1979, 1980 & 1981).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 59 Leaves. (IM 1) Epidemiological status of malaria in D.S.G.H. medical wards had been studied retrospectively from 1979 to 1981. ~~~ 0390 SEIN WINN Existing situation of environmental sanitation in Rangoon City (1984).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 158 Leaves. (DMR; DMS) This thesis spotlights the environmental sanitation of Yangon City and with a view to upgrade the existing conditions to meet the needs of the increasing population, offer suggestions on improving the health status of its citizens. ~~~ 0391 SOE LWIN Utilization of graduates of D.P.& T.M.caurse (1987-1991). Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1989. 92 leaves. (DMS; IM 1) Relevancy of training in relation to the jobs of the graduates, the assessment of the level of job satisfaction of the graduates, and analysis of the socio-demographic and distribution of the graduates in Myanmar were presented in this study. ~~~ 0392 SWE, DR Demand, need and utilization of hospital beds in Burma. Thesis (M.Med.Sc.,Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 89 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study attempts to provide basic informations on work load of the hospitals and on estimate hospital beds requirment for preceding years which will be benificial in hospital bed planning and also helpful for Hospital Care Programme of People's Health Plan. ~~~ 0393 THAN ZAW An occupational health survey on asbestosis among Burmese workers.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon,1984. 72 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) An occupational health survey was conducted among 148 eligible workers out of 220 at the Asbestos Cement Plant, Ahlone, Yangon from March to May 1977. The majority of the subjects (65%) had an exposure of over 10 years. The workers investigated included from the production section (71%), maintenance section (23%) and general administration section (6%). ~~~ 0394 THEIN NGWE Nursing health manpower in Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 73 Leaves. (IM 1) Reports on the present situation of nursing health manpower, nurse manpower requirements and the supply of nurses in the Myanmar economy. ~~~ 0395 THEIN SWE Maternal mortality trend in Rangoon City development area (1962-1980).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 127 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Maternal mortality trend in Yangon City development area (1962-1980) was based mainly on the data provided by the Vital Statistics Section, C.S.O., Yangon and unpublished data from Medical Record Section, C.W.H., Yangon. The objective of this study is to know the trend of the maternal mortality which will give some ideas regarding formulation of programmes to lower the maternal mortality rate. ~~~ 0396 THEIN THEIN HTAY Serological pattern of Japanese encephalitis in Burma (19801986) Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 93 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The general epidemiological features of Japanese encephalitis were described by studying the cases which occurred during the outbreaks of this disease from 1980 to 1986. Clinical and serological diagnosis and serological survey results were included and studied. Vector surveillance works were also considered. ~~~ 0397 TIN HLAING Evaluation of People's Health Plan in Singaing Township (1978-79 to 1981- 82). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 126 Leaves. (IM 1) Account on implementation of People's Health Plan together with background informations of Singaing Township was presented. ~~~ 0398 TIN MAUNG WIN (2) Lameness survey of primary school children in Rangoon (1978-82). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 110 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study is to obtain an estimate of poliomyelitis incidence, prior to launching the Expanded Programme on Immunization; to give guidance to immunization priorities and targets; to facilitate the epidemiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the vaccination programme; to ensure the safeness of vacciness; to know the magnitude of under reporting using routine surveillance system and help overcome the problem of under reporting; to compile and analyse the workdone by Epidemiology Section, Yangon Health Division and to compare the present findings with those of other States/Divisions and in other countries. ~~~ 0399 TIN TIN AYE The study of infant mortality in urban areas of Burma (1972-1981).Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 174 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The sex ratio of infant deaths in urban areas of Myanmar; the general causes and leading causes of death; the maternal age, parity, birth weight, father's occupation, regional differences in selected areas; the correlation between infant mortality rate and crude birth rate; and the trend and pattern of infant mortality in urban areas of Myanmar from 1972 to 1981 were described. ~~~ 0400 TIN TIN WIN Morbidity pattern of primary school children in Rangoon City development area. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1983. 69 Leaves. (IM 1) A brief history, the organization and the intra and intersectional development of the school health services were described. The composition and the activities of school health team, and the medical examination of school children and diseases encountered during medical examination were mentioned. ~~~ 0401 TIN TUN OO Mortality trend in urban areas of Burma (1972-1981).Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 118 Leaves.(DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study focuses on the mortality trend in urban areas of Myanmar from the year 1972 to 1981, the general causes and leading causes of death, the pattern of the causes of death over the period, the correlation between crude death rate, crude birth rate, and infant mortality rate, and the future mortality trend of urban areas of Myanmar. ~~~ 0402 YE HLA Study on utilisation of Station Hospital and Rural Health Centres in Thayet Township (1983). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health ) Postgraduade School of Public Health, Rangoon, 1984. 93 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The educational and occupational status of the patients utilising Rural Health Centres and Station Hospitals are noted. The main focus of the study is on the basic unit of rural health services in Myanmar i.e. Rural Health Centres as well as the Station Hospital in Thayet Township. A twin of one Rural Health Centre and Station Hospital of Myaing Township, Magway Division is also included in this study for comparison. ~~~ 0403 ZAW HTOO A study on functioning and utilization of latrines in Myede Township (1985-1986). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Public Health )Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 76 Leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Reports on the functioning and utilization of latrines in Myede Township and reflects the socio-economic, cultural, psychological and behavioural patterns of the community upon household latrine program. And also, the study would serve as one of the follow-up for the program and is expected to provide the required information that would determine the effectiveness and impact of the program later. Gastric juice analysis on pre and postvagotomy of chronic durodenalulcer.Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery )- Institute of Medicine (2),Yangon, 1982. 99 leaves.(IM 2) Truncal Vagotomy and drainage procedure is mostly used in chronic duodenal ulcer with stenotic cases in North Okkalapa General Hospital. Basal hour secretion of Volume, pH., and acidity in preoperative and postvagotomy in chronic duodenal ulcer 14 cases were studied. The result shows that the cases fall into three groups. There are 14 cases in Group I in which study is done on preoperative and postoperative cases after 2 weeks. There are 8 cases in Group II in which study was done on preoperative and postoperative cases containing both complete and imcomplete vagotomy after 2 weeks and after 3 months. Out of the 8 cases Group II there are 6 cases of group III where the completeness of the truncal vagotomy is confirmed by the Hollander test and gastric analysis is done on reoperative and postoperative cases after 2 weeks and after 3 months. In a comparative study of pre and post-vagotomy. Basal hour secretion, there is a atistically significant reduction in volume and acidity and also in pH change. In Group I, incomplege vagotomy, 14.29 per cent there is reduction of volume and acidity of Basal hour secretionof 29.87 per cent (p is0.01) and 46.16 per cent (p is0.01) respectively. In group III, complete vagotomy confirmed by the Hollander Test, reduction of volume and acidity of Basal hour secretion is 45.5 per cent (p is0.05) and 58.54 per cent (p is0-01) respectively 2 weeks after vagotomy. Therefore completeness of vagotomy is an important factor in reduction of the volume and acidity of the gastric juice. In group II incomplete vagotomy 25.0 per cent, there is no difference between results after 2 weeks and results after 3 months in either the volume or acidity of Basal hour secretion as they are 9.88 per cent (p is0.2) and 9.74 per cent (p is0.1) respectively. But there is a slightly greater increase in volume and acidity after 3 months than after 2 weeks but it is not satistically significant. age incidence is between the third and fourth decade of life (29.93 to 34.35 years). Male and female ratio is based on the number of subjects as 6:1, 3:1, and 2:1 in Group I,II and III respectively. ~~~ 0405 AUNG KYI
A comparative study
of the amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) in patients with acute pancreatitis
and other common acute abdominal conditions. Thesis Twenty-eight out of 77 patients with acute abdomen (36.36 per cent) had hyperamylasemia (more than 200 Somogyi Units). Serum amylase determinations are nonspecific and not diagnostic for acute pancreatitis even when the values were more than 1000 Somogyi Units,Renal clearance of amylase from the blood, expressed as a proportion of simultaneous creatinine clearance, is 2.35 per cent + or - 0.68 in normal persons. In patients with acute pancreatitis the amylase/creatinine clearance ratio rises regularly and significantly. ~~~ 0406 AUNG MRA Clinical study of incisional hernia. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1992. 101 leaves. (IM 1) The predisposing factors of incisional hernia (1)age, (2)sex, (3)occupation, (4)obesity, (5)nutritional status of the patient, (6)status of surgeon (7)indication for operation, (8)timing of operation (emergency or elective), (9)type of incision, (10)post operative complications such as wound complications and chest complications were studied. ~~~ 0407 AUNG MYINT A study of usefulness of the plain x-ray abdomen in common acute abdominal conditions. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Rangoon, 1985. 59 leaves. (IM 2) 0408 AUNG SHWE. The effects of pathological changes in tunica vaginalis on the iochemical composition of the hydrocele fluid. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Rangoon, 1978. 170 leaves. (IM 2) This study is the first histological and biochemical study of Burmese subjects with hydrocele. Chronic inflammation of low grade severity was found in the Tunica Vaginalis.The composition of the hydrocele fluid was that of the exudate. The origin of the hydrocele fluid was chronic inflammation. There were no evidences of microfilariae, tuberculosis, syphilis, and other specific infections in the present study. There were different phases of chronic inflammation found in the Tunica vaginalis. These pathological changes have definite effects on the Biochemical composition of the hydrocele fluid. Therefore, if one knew the biochemical composition of the hydrocele fluid, e.g by the biochemical analysis of the hydrocele fluid taken during operation, one could knew the particular phase at which the pathological process was taking place. This knowledge could be ultilised in the management of the hydrocele patients. Anti-inflammatory drugs could be useful in the phase of inflammation in which reversible changes were feasible. Thereas it was not advisable to give where fibrosis had already developed. Moreover, antibiotics and anti-filarial drugs were inadvisable or even unjustifable as the treatment of hydrocele patients. The cause of chronic inflammation was unknown. Thus, hydrocele were "idiopathic" in the present study. ~~~ 0409 BRANG, LAZUM Clinical study of thyrotoxicosis in Rangoon General Hospital.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1978. 279 leaves. (IM 1) Described the incidence of thyrotoxic patients admitted to Y.G.H. for surgery and radio iodine therapy, the symptomatology according to Wayne's clinical diagnostic index, clinical type of presentation in both therapy group, the various method of investigation (both clinical and laboratory), the methods of treatment mainly of surgery after preoperative preparation with propranolol alone and radio iodine therapy and results of each method of therapy. ~~~ 0410 HAN WIN A study of hormonal profile in patients with breast cancer. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (2), Rangoon, 1985. 71 leaves. (IM 2) This paper is a study of the serum sex hormones, and alkaline phesphatase in 22 cases of women with carcinoma of the breast admitted to the N.O.G.H. during a period of nine months. 22 cases of women without breast cancer were also studied as normal control.Normal mean values of serum sex hormones for Burmese women (both premenopausal and postmenopausal) were obtained. These were found to be comparable to those of the West.The majority of the cases (17 cases) were found in post-menopausal women. Only (5) cases were in the pre-menopausal group. The highest incidence was found in the (50-60) age group. As fifteen out of twenty two cases were found to be in clinically advanced stages we can conclude that Burmese women tend to consult their clinicians only when symptoms become unbearable. This reflects the need for better health education concerning awareness of the early signs and symptoms of breast cancer. There is a definite rise in the level of serum alkaline phosphatase in late stages especially when there is bony metastasis. Pre-operatively, the sex hormonal levels in the postmenopausal cases were more or less normal, whereas in the premenopausal cases, significant changes in the serum oestradiol and progesterone could be detected. In the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, there was a significant low level of serum oestradiol. In the luteal phase, a low level of oestradiol and progesterone were observed although it was not statistically significant. Post operative cases were also few to attach any statistical significance to the results, but in all the cases including both premenopausal and postmenopausal, the serum levels of oestradiol and progesterone were found to be higher than the respective preoperative serum levels. Although it is not statistically significant, it could be seen that in the premenopausal cases the serum oestradiol and progesterone were lower than normal values. After removal of the tumour, the serum oestrodiol and progesterone level rises in all the cases. This study had to be carried out under certain limitations and difficulties, such as time, facility and inadequate followup of the cases. More time, more cases and better facilities are needed for future studies where more definite conclusion can be entertained. Steroid receptor analysis is without doubt a more reliable way of study. since this is not possible in our country at present, the present study of hormonal assay was undertaken as a prelude to it and not as a replacement. It is hoped that in the near future when steroid receptor analysis became feasible in our country, better information about the biological nature and behaviour of tumour cells in Burmese women with breast cancer may be obtained. ~~~ 0411 HLA MAUNG A clinical study of empyema thoracis in Rangoon General Hospital.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1980. 102 leaves.(IM 1) All the empyema thoracic cases seen and taken care by thoracic unit of Y.G.H. were included and analysed. This analysis included incidence, aetiology, symptomatology and treatment of empyema. ~~~ 0412 HTAIN WIN The use of povidone-iodine in the prevention of post-operative woundsepsis.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc, Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1984. 112 leaves. (IMM) A prospective clinical trial was performed on 144 patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery in surgical unit II and III of Mandalay General Hospital to determine whether interparietal povidone-iodine solution lowered morbidity from wound infection. Sixty-four patients who were admitted to Surgical Unit II were treated with povidone-iodine solution and 80 patients admitted to surgical unit III were in the control group. Out of 64 patients in the Povidone-iodine group, 46 were in appendicectomy and the rest were in laparotomy. Out of 80 patients in the control group, 40 were in appendicectomy and the rest were in laparotomy. The effect of Povidone-iodine prophylaxis in wound infection was examined separately in appendicectomy group and laparotomy group. Each appendix category was analysed separately in appendicectomy group. In acutely inflamed appendicitis, none of the 16 cases treated with povidone-iodine became infected, compared with 2 out of 45 cases (4.4 per cent) in the control group but the difference lacks significance on Chi-square testing (x2 = 0.69, P 0.1). Povidone-iodine prophylaxis reduced wound infection rate from 2 out of 4 (50 per cent) in the controls to 3 out of 7(42.8 per cent) in the treated subjects of gangrenous appendicitis and 7 out of 11 (63.6 per cent) in the controls to 13 out of 23 (56.5 per cent) in the treated subjects of perforated appendicitis. these figures arenot significant (p 0.1). Appendicitis associated with foul or faeculent purulent around the appendix had hihest incidence of wound sepsis. Wound sepsis rate is lowered in Povidone-iodine group in relation to different types of exudate found in peritoneal vavity but the number are too small to show statistical significant. In duodenal ulcer perforation, Povidone-iodine prophylaxis reduced wound sepsis rate from 2 out of 15(13.3 per cent) in the controls to 1 out of 15 (6.6 per cent) in the treated subjects but the difference is not statistically significant (x2 = 0.27, p 0.1). The data was too small to be analysed the effect of Povidone-iodine in gastric ulcer perforation and ileal perforation. The overall number of obese patients in this trial come out to only 10.4 per cent (15 out of 144) which was too small to be analysed in relation to wound infection. However, all 3 obeses patients in gangrenous and perforated appendicitis group became infected. Overall wound infection rate among patients in the old age (above 60 years) group was 66.6 per cent (4 out of 6) which was much higher than that of 217 per cent (13 out of 138) in the under 60 age group. There was no clinical evidence of Povidone-iodine allergy or toxicity int he present study. The difference of wound infection rate between Povidone-iodine treated group and control group was not statistically significant. ~~~ 0413 HTAY WIN A clinical study of the regional complications following irradiation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1990. 96 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) 383 patients who came for follow up after rdiation therapy, for carcinoma of the cervix uteri were included in this study. described that the different types of complications, the methods of treatment of complications, and the factors which influence the occurrence of complications were found out. 0414 HTOO HAN. A study of tuberculous bacilluria amongst patients with pulmonary and skeletal tuberculosis. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Rangoon, 1985. 71 leaves. (IM 2) During the period from May 1984 to February 1985, urine specimens from 30 patients were studied for Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Fifteen patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 patients with skeletal tuberculosis were included. Total number of 90 urine specimens were collected for 3 consecutive mornings and sent for direct microscopy, artificial culture and animal innoculation. The results from artificial culture and guineapig innoculation for both pulmonary and skeletal tuberculosis were compared. Artificial culture positive for A.F.B. was 6.7 per cent in skeletal tuberculosis was observed. Also routine urinalysis and culture for bacteriology was performed and also assessed the importance of presence of pus in the urine in diagnosis of Renal tuberculosis. There was no tuberculous bacilluria in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Lastly, the cost and benefit for artificial culture and guinea-pig innoculation were compared and was found that guinea-pig innoculation was far more costly than artificial culture method. ~~~ 0415 HTUN OO, MAUNG A clinical study of tropical liver abscess. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1990. 68 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) Describes the incidence of tropical liver abscess in the surgical wards of Y.G.H. during the study period, the clinical manifestation of tropical liver abscess, the complications of tropical liver abscess, and factors contributing to its occurrence, and the value and application of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tropical liver abscess were examened carfully. ~~~ 0416 KHAM KAW, SA Study of anal and perianal infections. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1977. 111 leaves. (IMM) It is a retrospective four years and prospective one year study on patients with anal and perianal infections with special reference to fistula-in-ano admitted into surgical units of Mandalay General Hospital from 1st January 1972 to 31 December 1976. Also included the study of statistical survey on the incidence of perianal infections in general with special reference to Fistula-in-ano, and the evaluation of the result of surgery and the cause of infection of the Fistula tract. ~~~ 0417 KHIN MAUNG AYE Estimation of serum electrolytes and haematocrit in adult pattents with acute intestinal obstruction. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Rangoon, 1984. 67 leaves. (IM 2) In the study it was confirmed that there were changes in body fluids in case of acute intestinal obstruction. Fluid deficit occured in E.C.F. due to various mechanisms among which third space loss was most significant. Haemoconcentration was noted. There was also loss of electrolytes although the serum electrolyte concentrations were within normal range. From the study the following conclusions were made. The normal serum electrolytes and haematocrit levels in normal Burmese subjects. PCV values increased significantly increased significantly in acute intestinal obstruction. It showed haemoconcentration due to fluid depletion in acute intestinal obstruction. Serum electrolyte concentrations in acute intestinal obstruction were within normal control range. And also those values were within normal rane irrespective of the period of suffering from the course of disease before treatment. Electrolyte concentration values were not absolute. A normal value did not mean anything if it was not corrected with PCV value. PCV values wwere essentiral. Measuring it was easy, and not costly. PCV values alone may be valuable for investigation to assess the status of body fluid, the severity and prognosis of the atient in acute intestinal obstruction. ~~~ 0418 KHIN MAUNG GYI Study of surgical manifstations of amoebiasis in M.G.H. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1983. 113 leaves. (IMM) Describes the clinical pattern of hepatic amoebiasis; the evaluation of the value of special investigation in the diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis; the effectiveness of certain medical treatment and surgical intervention in hepatic amoebiasis; the role of a surgeon in amoebic manifestation of the liver. ~~~ 0419 KHIN MAUNG KYI The study of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases at M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1988. 93 leaves. (IMM) A prospective study of a Ultrasonographic diagnosis on 60 cases with various diseases of hepatobiliary system was performed during a period of one year from 1st. July 1986 to 30th. June 1987, at Mandalay General Hospital. All cases diagnosed with ultrasound were subsequently confined by aspiration biopsy or by peroperative findings. The general experience on ultrasonographic visualisation of normal and diseased states of hepatobiliary system was presented analysed. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic diagnosis on various diseases of hepatobiliary system was evaluated. ~~~ 0420 KHIN MAUNG YI The pre-peritoneal approach and the iliopubic tract repair of all groin hernias. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1977.111 leaves. (IMM) Describes the repair and restoration of posterior inguinal wall, i.e. the transversalis fascia lamina. The most important components for this repair are a group of ligamentous and apponeurotic structures closely associated with the transversalis fascia. They are: (1) iliopubic tract (2) transversalis fascia crura and sling of the internal abdominal ring and (3) arch of transversus abdominis apponeurosis. ~~~ 0421 KHIN MG NYUNT Five years study of gastroduodenal pathology with special reference to haematemesis in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1976. 113 leaves. (IMM) A retrospective 4 years and prospective one year study on patients with gastroduodenal pathology with special reference to haematemisis admitted into surgical units of Mandalay General Hospital from 1st. January 1971 to 31 December 1975. Also a statistical survey on incidence of the gastro-duodenal lesions in general with special reference to haematemesis and the evaluation of the results of surgery on bleeding peptic ulcers of both duodenal and gastric. ~~~ 0422 KHIN MG PHYO A clinical study of lump in the breast in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1985. 155 leaves. (IMM) A prospective study on 138 patients was made for a period of one year, July 1983 to June 1984. 117 cases were benign and 21 cases were malignant lumps of the breast. Mean age incidence of fibroadenoma, mammary dysplasia and malignant breast lesions were 23.64 years, 35.09 years and 45.57 years respectively.The earliest breast cancer was found in a 28 year old patient. The incidence of breast cancer rises with increasing age, though with a pause for a few years after the time corresponding to menopause. After 60 years of age it fall gradually. There was no abrupt rise nor sudden fall. The highest incidence of benign breast lesion was found in the population of primary education. The malignant breast lesion was common in low educated, dependent, and low income family. There is an increased risk of cancer breast associated with early menarche and late menopause. It appears that there is high incidence of breast cancer in the late marriage group. The association of breast cancer risk with age at first pregnancy was not striking. Increase in parity has higher incidence in the development of breast cancer. Incidence of breast cancer is unrelated to lactation. Most of the patient consulted their surgeons earlier than 6 months. In location of lumps in the breast the left side is more preponderant than right. In either the left or right side of the breast, the upper outer quadrant is the most commonly affected sity. Size and shape are not striking features of malignancy in the breast. 90.5 per cent of the malignant lump of the breast are painless. 90.5 per cent of the malignant lumps have no discharge from the nipple. 85.71 per cent of the malignant lumps are hard in consistency. Fibroadenoma is the commonest tumour among the benign lumps. Intracanalicular type of fibroadenoma is more common than pericanalicular type (15:1). the most preponderant malignant type is invasive ductal caroinoma. In this study "accuracy of clinical diagnosis in benign and malignant lumps of the breast "is 94.2 per cent. ~~~ 0423 KHIN MG PHYU Epidemiological study of accidental injuries in children at Rangoon General Hospital. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1980. 126 leaves. (IM 1) The incidence of accidents in childhood, the type and site of accidental injuries, the geographical distribution, the possible predisposing factors such as poverty, size of family and status of the family, the morbidity through number of days stay in hospital and the mortality rate were described. ~~~ 0424 KHIN NU NU A study of histologically proven cases of abdominal tuberculosis admitted to surgical wards in Rangoon General Hospistal. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1982. 138 leaves. (IM 1) Describes the study of incidence, symptomatology, diagnostic aids, methods of treatment, result, follow-up of patients. ~~~ 0425 KYAW LYNN "Partogram" A new appliance in the management of labour. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1975. (IMM) Describes the development of composite graph or partogram consisting of all essential features of labour, of mother and feotus; the developed partogram was utilised in the intensive care of labour of 40 patients consisting 22 primigravidae, and 18 muligravidae and the results of partogram evaluated. ~~~ 0426 KYAW NYUNT Clinical study of intestinal perforation in Rangoon General Hospital.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 19. leaves. (IM 1) Efforts had been made to get reliable data on the actual incidence and outcome of the treatment to present clinical study of intestinal perforation in Y.G.H. from November 1978 to October 1979. ~~~ 0427 KYAW TIN HLA Epidemiology and therapeutic aspects of cancer of the breast in Burma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1972. 134 leaves. (IM 1) Epidemiology of cancer breast and the assessment of therapeutic results in various stages of cancer breast is presented. ~~~ 0428 KYAW ZIN HAN A biochemical profile of serum, bile and bile duct stones. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987. 96 leaves.(DMR; DMS; IM 1) This study was an attempt to determine the biochemical composition of bile, stone and serum of study group for comparing with bile and serum composition of control group. ~~~ 0429 LUN MAUNG, SAI Clinical study of stricture urethra in adults. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1983. 152 leaves. (IM 1) The incidence of cases of stricture of the urethra admitted and treated at urological unit, Y.G.H.; symptomatology, laboratory, radiological and endoscopic findings, various types of treatment that were given to these patients and evaluation of the results there of, and results of the treatment were described. ~~~ 0430 MAUNG MAUNG Clinical study of lump in the breast in Rangoon General Hospital.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1982. 177 leaves.(IM 1) The clinical study of lumps in the breast admitted to Y.G.H. and the observation of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of the breast lumps by histological verification were described. ~~~ 0431 MUYAR KYI TIN Clinical evaluation of lumbar sympathectomy in chronic ischaemic lower limbs. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1987.78 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) The indications for lumbar sympathectomy in lower limb ischaemia, the outcome of lumbar sympathectomy, correlation of the pre-operative symptoms and clinical course with the outcome of lumbar sympathectomy, and the effect on the opposite limb after operation were studied. ~~~ 0432 MYINT THEIN A clinical study of head injuries in M.G.H. with require surgical interventions. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1985.102 leaves. (IMM) One thousand and forty three cases of head injury were admitted to Mandalay General Hospital from 21st. June 1983 to 21st. June 1984, (one year study period). Age incidence was highest between 10 to 40 years of age group. Assault was the leading causes of all head injury cases admitted to Mandalay General Hospital and Also the commonest causes among the surgically intervened head injury cases. Depressed fracture skull cases contributed half of the head injury cases that required surgical intervention. Overall mortality rate of head injury cases was 5 jper cent and mortality rate of head injury cases with surgical intervention reached 42.5 percent. Mortality was highest in cerebral laceration with intradual haemorhage. Among the outcome of the surgically intervened head injury cases, 1 case led a vegative life, 2 case were severely disabled, 6 cases were moderately disabled and 11 cases were discharged from the hospital the full functional recovery. ~~~ 0433 MYINT TUN A comparative study on surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1975. 64 leaves.(IM 2)
A total of 50 post-operative
patients with chronic duodenal ulcer, 25 patients after truncal vagotomy plus
gastrojejunostomy and 25 patients after Polya partial gastrectomy are assessed
clinically and experimentally, the results are compared and contrasted at a
comparable stage within four months to one year after the operations. Post-operative
symptoms of alimentary dysfunction occur in equal frequency after both types
of operation. 40 per cent incidence of transient post-vagotomy dysphagia is
recorded. The incidence of post-vagotomy diarrhoea is extremely rare and is
noted only in one patient. Majority of patients, 68 per cent after truncal vagotomy
and 76 per cent after partial gastrectomy appreciably reported improvement in
theirbowel habit after the operations. Body weight gain is seen in a large number
of patients, 80.9 per cent after truncal vagotomy and 82.6 per cent after partial
gastrectomy. the mean weight gain of 12.57 lb after partial gastrectomy is more
than 9.29 lb mean weight gain after truncal vagotomy. the tendency of eight
loss in post-gastrectomy patients is not seen. The pentagastrin ~~~ 0434 MYINT, MAUNG Clinical study of complicated inguinal hernia in Rangoon General Hospital. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1980.79 leaves. (IM 1) The incidence of complicated inguinal hernias according to age, sex, race, religion,occupation and precipitating causes during a period of 12 months; and the symptomatology, method of treatment and result were studied. ~~~ 0435 MYO NYUNT A study of the extrusion operation in the teatment of the hydrocele of the tunical vaginalis in adults in the M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery )Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1981. 61 leaves. (IMM) A simple yet unfamiliar surgical procedure for adult vaginal hydrocele, the extrusion operation is described. Although 2 cases of post operative infection and the same number of cases of recurrence were observed in the initial stages of the study the same surgical procedure and the technique were adhered to. The post-operative complications and recurrences were described. The cure rate of the extrusion operation had been evaluated statistically and the results of the other operative techniques discussed. ~~~ 0436 NATARAJAN, VICTOR Study of hepatic artery ligation in the management of hepato-cellular carcinoma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1978. 99 leaves. (DMR; IM 1) Described the selection of cases of primary hepato-cellular carcinoma for the hepatic artery ligation and to observe the progress of the disease, the operative mortality, complications, and survival time; and the comparison of the survival time of cases of hepato-cellular carcinoma following hepatic artery ligation and a group of patient undertaking chemotherapy and another group having supportive treatment only. ~~~ 0437 NYAN THEIN Correlation of clinical finding, mammographic findings and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of breast lumps. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1986. 140 leaves. (DMR; DMS; IM 1) A series of 50 patients presenting with lump in the breast was studied, as regards to correlation of clinical findings, mammographic findings and histopathological findings. ~~~ 0438 NYI LINN A five year epidemiological study of acute peptic ulcer. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1975. (IMM) 438 cases of acute gastriduodenal perforation cases treated at Mandalay General Hospital in 1970 to 1974 are described. Most of patients are males in the age group of 30-40 years which is the age group where the Burmese population lead the most active earning life. They are also manual and agricultural workers or of low income group, and they usually have chronic ulcers. Most of the patients are treated by simple suture, and this type of operation would not be suitable for many of the patients, and reviewed the management and reevaluate. ~~~ 0439 NYUNT LWIN A clinical study of goitres in regard to clinical manifestations of different types of goitres in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1983. 84 leaves. (IMM) Knowledge about the thyroid gland is, as yet, incomplete and requires extensive research and study and basic clinical studies are called for before thorough research work is started. This described different types of goitre, their age and sex distribution and their clinical presentations as a basic clinical study. ~~~ 0440 OHN KHAING Clinical study of tuberculous abdomen in surgical unit I M.G.H.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1978. 64 leaves. (IMM) Described the assessement of the magnitude of the problem of tuberculosis abdomen in SUI, MGH; some epidemiological feature by incidence, age, sex and mode of transmission; the clinical presentation of tuberculosis abdomen; the place of peritoneal biopsy in the diagnosis of the disease; and the treatment of the disease. ~~~ 0441 OHN MAUNG MAUNG Clinical study of mass in right iliac fossa in Rangoon General Hospital. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1984.118 leaves. (IM 1) The incidence of mass in right iliac fossa due to different causes admitted to the 3 surgical wards of Y.G.H.; the correlation between the cases of mass in right iliac fossa and other factors such as age, sex, and seasonal variation; and the symptomatology, diagnostic aids and outcome of management were described. ~~~ 0442 OO KYAW A study of common causes, epidemiology and clinical features of Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1976. (IMM) Described the epidemiology of intestinal obstruction, the different cases of intestinal obstruction admitted to Mandalay General Hospital or in other words cases prevalent in Central Burma, the various clinical presentation of different types of intestinal obstruction, and the proper management in different types of intestinal obstruction. ~~~ 0443 PE MYAT WIN Evaluation of appendicectomies in two teaching hospitals of Rangoon.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1984. 58 leaves. (IM 2) This paper studied and evaluated 74 cases of appendicectomies performed in two teaching hospitals of Rangoon during a period of one year. This is the first study of its kind to be reported in Burma. The rates of diagnostic accuracy, incidental appendicectomy and prophylactic appendicectomy were compiled. The findings were compared with those reported in the Western literature and the diagnostic acumen, decision skill, attitude and philosophical concept of our Surgeons in relation to the performance of appendicectomies are discussed. Relationship between the severity of appendicitis and factors which influence its progress such as the duration of symptoms, type of appendicitis, age, sex, purgation, masage and previous antibiotic therapy were studied and discussed with a view to define a possible safe period during which doubtful cases may be observed with minimal risk of perforation. ~~~ 0444 SAN LWIN Buerger's disease a distinct clinical entity in a Burmese population.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1976. 157 leaves. (IMM) This academic study was done on a small group of patients with available limited facilities, the resulting reports and data provided would shed some light on the disease and its incidence and prevalence in this part of country, upper Burma. It is also a composite view of surgeons, pathologist, radiologist, and anaesthetist obtained for the single disease. ~~~ 0445 SEIN MYINT Clinical study of tetanus Rangoon General Hospital. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1978. 175 leaves.(IM 1) The study of epidemiology of tetanus and the assessment of the value of anteserum (A.T.S.) were described. ~~~ 0446 SEIN WIN A clinical study of gallstones. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1981. 104 leaves. (IM 1) Described the clinical aspects of cholelithiasis with regards to symptomatology and clinical presentation, a statistical incidence, types, composition and sites of gallstones; the underlying changes occurred in gallbladder with gallstones especially the histological changes; a guide line with regards to antibiotic usage which is highly effective to be given pre, intra or post-operatively and common organisms causing infection in biliary tree in association with cholelithiasis; and the evaluation of the significance of calcium bilirubinate and cholesterol crystals in the duodenal juice in association with cholelithiasis. ~~~ 0447 SIMON THA, SAW Comparative study of surgical treatment for solitary thyroid nodule. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1975.98 leaves. (IM 1) Described the study of the epidemiology of pathology in solitary thyroid nodule and the assessment of comparative therapeutic results in various surgical treatment for solitary nodule. ~~~ 0448 SOE MOE, KHUN Clinical study of the carcinoma of the rectum. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1982. 106 leaves. (IM 1) Described the incidence of carcinoma of the rectum with regard to age, sex and site of involment, the pathology of carcinoma of the rectum with regard to microscopic appearance, microscopic appearance and spread, staging and grading according to Dukes and histology with regards to age, sex and spread, the symptomatology and clinical types of presentation, the various methods of diagnosis for carcinoma of the rectum. ~~~ 0449 SOE TINT, MG
A study of serum
electrolyte changes before and after transurethral resection of the prostate
(TURP). Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Fifty cases of BPH patients undergoing TURP were studied for serum electrolyte changes before and after surgery under one consultant urologist at the Urosurgical unit of Rangoon General Hospital. The irrigation fluid was sterile water. The one year study period extends from March 1987 to February 1988. Most of the patients are in the 70's age group. Serum sodium showed a decline immediately at the close of resection in the majority of cases. The average fall was 6.7 mmol/L. Reduction in serum sodium concentration represents absorption of water during endoscopic resection. There is also a reduction in serum potassium and chloride. The serum potassium and chloride decreased an average of 0.5 and 3.4 mmol/L respectively. The variations are within normal range and regarded as insignificant. Changes in serum bicarbonate is rather inconsistent. The blood chemistry usually returning to normal within 24 hours. Blood urea level was lowered by 0.2 mmol/L on the average but remained high in those with poor renal function. The average time in surgery for all grades was 27.8 minutes during which time an average of 24.3 G of tissues were removed. this included additional procedures at time of surgery.98 per cent of the resections were completed within one hour. The volume of irrigating water used was at an average of 370.54 ml/min. Three main factors influence the extent of fluid absorption during TURP. They are the weight of the resection, the duration of resection and the total volume of irrigating water. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.96 days and noticeable less than the past series. Of the 50 cases studied, 40 had true BPH, 7 had PBH with chronic prostatitis, one had BPH with tuberculous urethritis and 2 patients had adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Postoperatively, there was no mortality. Forty patients had no morbidity in their postoperative convaleacence. Regarding morbidity the common complications found in this unit were reactionary haemorrhage 6 per cent and urinary tract infection 4 per cent. TUR syndrome was observed in one patient (2 per cent) which has the same figure as those of Bird et al, 1982. All the patients with postoperative complications went on to have good clinical results.
~~~ 0450 THAN SWE A clinical study of primary carcinoma of oesophagus in M.G.H. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1983. 145 leaves. (IMM) Described the incidence of carcinoma oesophagus in relation to carcinoma of other part of gastrointestinal tract, their age and sex distributions and their clinical presentations among others, as the basic clinical study. ~~~
Study of acute pancreatitis in reference to epidemiology in M.G.H.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1977. 158 leaves. (IMM) Acute pancreatitis cases admitted to Surgical Unit (1) Mandalay General Hospital for 5 years (1972-1976) are described. There were 42 cases of acute pancreatitis admitted. The highest age incidence lies in 39 to 48 years group; the sex distribution is of equal proportion in this series. the season of most prevalance is a cold season and consuming of alcohol is also most common in this season. Various clinical manifestation are also studied. ~~~ 0452 THAN THAN YEE. Use of prophylactic antibiotic in urosurgical cases. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Yangon, 1992. 74 leaves. (IM 1) It was assessed whether antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary or not in clean elective urosurgical cases and advantage and significance of prophylactic antibiotic over the control group were evaluated. ~~~ 0453 THAN WIN Clinical study of acute pancreatitis. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1978. 158 leaves. (IM 1) The clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis as encountered in Y.G.H; the diagnostic criteria, the possible underlying aetiological factors, the complication, the morbidity and mortality of acute pancreatitis as a whole were described. ~~~ 0454 THAN WIN A study of serum electrolyte changes following urinary diversion in Burmese patients. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon,1985. 74 leaves. (IM 2) There are eight patients upon whom urinary diversion was done. Ureterosigmoidostomy using Leadbetter's method was performed in four patients and ileal conduit using Wallace's method was performed in four patients. Serum electrolyte values of these patients were determined preoperatively and postoperatively for six days. Data was analysed and the mean value and SD of ureterosigmoidostomy (Group A) and ileal conduit (Group B) were compared. data of day 1 to 6 were not statistically significant for either Group A or Group A or Group B. When group A and Group B were compared, day by day, there was no signifinant difference except for sodium on day 6, (130, 5 + or - 3.87, 143.0 + or - 6.22, p value less than 0.02). these findings suggest that serum electrolyte imbalance immediately after operation was not as significant as had been thought previously. ~~~ 0455 THEIN AUNG Clinical study of prolapsed rectum in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1980. 92 leaves. (IMM) Described a clinical study of prolapsed rectum in Mandalay General Hospital, the prevalent causes of the prolapsed rectum and the assessment of the effectiveness of the therapeutic methods used in Mandalay General Hospital. ~~~ 0456 THEIN HAN 4 Study of Lord's non-operative treatment for cases of haemorrhoids in the M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1983.151 leaves. (IMM) Forty patients with haemorrhoids of various degrees apart from first degree were treated by Lord's procedure, also known as manual dilatation of anus, M.D.A. A comparative study was made between the two groups of patients, twenty in each group, to demonstrate the presence or absence of significant difference between the group with post-operative anal dilatation and the other group without dilatation. The assessment were done at six months following the procedure. Overall success rate is 92.5 per cent and failure 7.5 per cent. The success rate in dilatation group is cent per cent, while that in the without-dilatation group is 85 per cent. Thus the results are comparable to those of other series, but there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the complication, faecal incontinence is minimal in this study, i.e. only in one patient out of twenty in group without post-operative anal dilatation 2.5 per cent of total patients in this series. It was transient and the ultimate result of that patient assessed at six months is excellent. Finally the rle of the procedure in cases of strang gulated piles is also observed in this study, yielding conparable result to that of the overall group. ~~~ 0457 THEIN HAN 5 Clinical study of Abdominal injuries in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1984. 190 leaves. (IMM) Abdominal injury is one of the major health problem causing deaths of both adults and children. In spite of the importance of abdominal injury, a controversial views still remain regarding its diagnosis and treatment. A prospective study was projected:- (1) to study the magnitude of the problem. (2) To study the aetiological gents and the extent of the injury. (3) To study the diagnostic and treatment problems. (4)To analyse the factors influencing the mortality rate. The incidence of total abdominal injury was 0.21 per cent of all the admissions to Mandalay General Hospital for a period of 1 year in which blunt abdominal injury pertains 0.13 per cent and penetrating injury, 0.08 per cent. Male were more often affected by both blunt and penetrating injuries in the frequency of 80 per cent and 91 per cent respectively. Both types of injury were common in second and third decade of life. Road traffic accidents by high speed vehicle and horse cart account approximately half of the blunt abdominal injury. stab wounds account three quarters of penetrating abdominal injury. Spleen and liver were commonly implicated by penetrating and blunt injury, although all other abdominal viscera were also involved in less frequency. The main criteria for diagnosis depends on the clinical signs and symptoms of shock, internal haemorrhage and peritoneal irritation which sometimes need repeated examinations. Plain X ray abdomen has a limited value as a diagnostic aids. Positive finding provides a confirmation of intra-abdominal injury but negative finding does not exclude it. Peritonela lavage on patients with inconclusive clinical examinations, confirms or refutes the diagnosis of intraabdominal visceral injury with a high degree of accuracy. Positive lavage indicates 100 per cent accuracy but negative findings should correlate alond with the clinical examinations. There were 17.89 per cent of cases treated by conservative treatment without complictions and mortality. Unnecessary laparotomy rate was 12 per cent. The definitive surgical treatment depends upon the experience, skill and persistence of the surgeon for mature judgement in making the decision as to which procedure would be best to the management of a particular injury. The overall mortality rate was 15.79 per cent and this mortality was directly proportional to the extent of the injury reflected by multiple intraabdominal or extra-abdominal injuries, extremes of age and the nature of the injury. ~~~ 0458 THEIN WIN Changes in urinary composition of patients with upper urinary tract stones. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2),Yangon,1978.128 leaves. (IM2) Comparison of the biochemical composition of 24 hours' urine samples was made between 10 normal control patients and 19 patients with upper urinary tract stones. Magnesium content of the 24 hours' urine samples of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group. This stresses the importance of inhibitors in the mechanism of renal stone formation. Urinary infection also plays an important part in renal stone formation. This also stresses the importance of the control of urinary infection as a preventive measure against renal stone formation. ~~~ 0459 THET SWE
A study of tetanus
in surgical unit I of M.G.H. and tracheastomy, as an adjunct procedure for modifying
prognosis in severe tetanus.Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Described the assessment of the magnitude of tetanus probem in Mandalay general Hospital, some epidemiological feature by (1) incidence (2) age (3) sex (4) time (5) morbidity (6) mortality the assessment of the value of tracheostomy as an adjunct measure in severe tetanus in Mandalay general Hospital; the illustration of the place of Intensive Care Respiratory Unit in the management of severe tetanus with our experiences in Mandalay general Hospital and the illustration of the need for a rational and national system of immunization. ~~~ 0460 THIT LWIN A study on the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1987. 122 leaves. (IMM) During one year period, a total number of 152 patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy to Mandalay General Hospital. Of these 100 cases were collected and studied. Cervical lymph node enlargement was found to be commonest in the age group of 20-30 years. The average age was 38.2 years. It was least common before 10 years of age. Out of 100 patients, there were 51 males and 49 females giving rise to male to female ratio of 1.04:1; The highest number of cases was found in Burmese 92 per cent. Most of the patients came from the countryside 66 per cent. Farmers were the most frequently affected group (34 per cent). In a considerable number of patients (20 per cent) a definite job could not be detected. When vieed overall there is no difference in the duration of disease before the patient consults a physician. However cases with malignant lymphadenopathy whether lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma souht medical advice in less than three months time whereas tuberculous cases rarely sought medical advice after three months.With regard to the physical findings, 39.09 per cent of cases had upper deep cervical and superficial cervical nodes enlargement. In 65 per cent of cases the nodes were unilaterally distributed. In 68 per cent of cases the size of lymph node was between 2 to 3 cm. In 40 per cent of cases more than 4 nodes were involved. Consistency of involved lymph nodes was firm in 43 per cent, hard in 28 per cent, cystic in 22 per cent and rubbery in 7 per cent. The involved cervical lymph nodes were matted in 50 per cent and fixed in 64 per cent. With regard to incidence of associated symptoms, weight loss was commonest and present in 37 cases. This was followed by malaise (25) fever (24) cough (16) night sweat (7), dysphagia (7), hoarseness of voice (7), chest pain (5), pruritis (2), abdominal distension (2) and abdominal lump (2). 15 cases gave a positive contact history of tuberculosis. The incidence of contact history of tuberculosis was found to be 36.1 per cent when tuberculous lymphadenitis alone was condidered. With regard to chest X-ray, abnormal radiological findings were found in 23 cases. Also chest X-xay was found to be of value only in cases of metastic carcinoma where it demonstrates a possible primary site in 53.3 per cent of cases. E.S.R. ws raised above 30 mm/1st hour in 55 per cent of cases and was shown to be of no value in differential diagnosis. Also total and differntial white cell count was found to be of no value in differential diagnosis except in cases of lymphoma where it showed marked leucocytosis. After thorough clinical examination and haematological and radiological examination, tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 56 per cent of cases, lymphoma in 17 per cent, secondary metastasis in 25 per cent and non-specific lymphadenitis in 2 per cent. After histological examination biopsy specimen tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 36 per cent of cases, lymphoma in 12 per cent, secondary metastasis in 30 per cent, and non-specific lymphadenitis in 14 per cent. With egard to the type of biopsy and anaesthesia, 59 per cent were of incisional type and only 41 per cent ere of excisional biopsy. In 91.4 per cent of biopsies, the operation was done under local anaesthesia. In 13 instances the biopsy failed to provide a definite diagnosis. Out of these cases, the majority (92.3 per cent) were of incisional biopsy carried out under local anaesthesia. the most common cause was failure to remove appropriate tissue. Out of 100 cases tuberculosis was diagnosed in 56 cases. With the help of the biopsy the number fell to 36 cases. Similarly with the help of biopsy lymphoma ws found to be overdiagnosed in 5 cases. Metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed clinically in 25 cases. With biopsy this number rose to 30 cases. Also will the help of tissue diagnosis, the number of cases which did not fit under either tuberculosis, lymphomas or metastatic carcinoma was raised from 2 to 14. By using Yate Chi-squared test, it has been shown that there was a singificant difference in diagnostic value between clinical and histological examination regarding both tuberculous and non-specific lymphadenitis of cervical glands. However with regard to lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma of cervical gland, the clincal diagnosis was found to be as affective as histological diagnosis. With false positive rates and false negative rates in the clinical diagnosis, a biopsy for histopathological study is mendatory for accurate diagnosis before planning any treatment. ~~~ 0461 TIN HEIN
Clinical study of
penetrating chest injury in Rangoon General Hospital.Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery
) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1978. 196 leaves. Described the study of incidence of penetrating chest injury; the study of symptomatology and diagnostic aids and methods of treatment as conservative treatment and surgical treatment. ~~~ 0462 TIN KHAING The epidemiological study of cancer of the breast in M.G.H. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1978. 124 leaves. (IMM) The retrospective study of cancer breast with special reference to epidemiology over a span of 4 years from 1973-1976 had included 168 cases which represent about 60 per cent of total cases after random sampling. The incidence of cancer breast cases admitted to Mandalay General Hospital had little changes over the span of 4 years. Our patients develope breast cancer a decade earlier than their counterpart, in the estern world and is similar to neighbouring countries like India and Jaapan Maximun incidence was observed between age 40-54 years and accounts for nearly 75 per cent of the total breast cancer patients. Most of the breast cancer patients are females and only less than 1 per cent account for male.There was a high preponderance of cancer breast in Burmese-Buddhist or cultivators as they represent 85 per cent of the indegenous population. A relative preponderance of single, or unmarried women was apparent. There is no significant difference in the incidence of breast cancer whether early or late marriage. Ther are high risk of breast cancer patients who refused breast feeding. It is very interesting to note about three of the breast cancer patients in this series developed only on those breast which refused its function rather than those side which are functioning. The age of menarche is nearly similar to Japanese women where breast cancer is low in incidence and the prognosis is better. Mean age of menopause was 45 and similar to neighnouring countries like India and Japan. Family history of cancer breast patient is obtained only in two cases. Most of the breast cancer patients are illeterate and come late. Lump in breast was first symptom in 85 per cent of the indigenous population.cases and usually painless. Left sided preponderance and high incidence of upper and outer quadrants tumour was noted. The commonest histopathological type is scirrhous carcinoma and similar to other wellknown series. The stage three preponderance is noted. Geographic pattern of distribution shows, most of the cass of upper half and centre of Burma are admitted to Mandalay General Hospital. More and early cases came from the town from where the transport is easy to Mandalay. ~~~ 0463 TIN MAUNG
Clinical study of
the closed chest injury. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine
(1), Rangoon, 1981. 123 leaves. (IM 1) ~~~ 0464 TIN MAUNG AYE A clinical study of colostomy. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 19. 94 leaves. (IM 1) Described the age and sex incidence of colostomy patients, the proportions of emergency and elective colostomy operations, the frequency of different types and sites of colostomy operations, the various causes of colostomy, and the complications arising from colostomy operations including the mortality. ~~~ 465 TIN MAUNG HLA A study of the composition of gastric juice, serum electrolytes and urinary electrolytes in adult patients with pyloric stenosis of duodenal ulcer. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1982. 79 leaves. (IM 2) In this study, it has been confirmed that the loss of chloride and sodium in the metabolic disturbance of pyloric stenosis is important. The loss of gastric chloride, which may be regarded is a loss of hydrogen ion, results in an extracellular alkalosis, with characteristic changes in the anionic structure of the plasma, namely a fall in chloride and rise in bicarbonate concentration; and at the4 same time the rise in pH. The deficit of sodium, due to an increased renal loss of this ion, leads to a fall in extracellular fluid plasma volume, resulting impaired kidney function and finally to peripheral circulatory failure. In the initial stages, the urine is alkaline, the excess of bicarbonate being excreted in association mainly with sodium. As the resultant sodium deficit develops there is renal conservation of this ion, the sodium in the urine being replacd by potassium and hydrogen, with the result that in the later stages of the condition, there is the apparent paradox of an acid urine in the face of severe extracellular alkalosis. A potassium deficit, usually of moderate dimension, develop partly from the loss of potassium in the vomit and to a greater extent from the loss of urine, its main importance is that is excerbate the extracellular alkalosis but it is not the main cause of this feature of disturbance. From this study the following reports were obtained. The most important electrolyte change in patient in this study is the loss of chloride and hydrogen in the gastric content. The fall in plasma sodium concentration is due to loss in the vomit and mainly in the urine. There is a close reciprocal relationship between the plasma chloride and bicarbonate concentration. Since none of the patients in this study showed neither parodoxical acciduria or circulatory failure, all the patients in the study seemed to seek medial advice in their early stage of the disease. ~~~ 0466 TIN MAUNG OO Acute appendicitis in M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1975. 90 leaves. (IMM) Described that appendicitis is no less common, a disease among working class of people as compared to westerners; that late diagnosis leads to more complications in form of (a) wound sepsis, (b) wound disruption, (c) prolonged stay in the hospital with more expenditure increases to the Government; that the earlier it is diagnosed, the better is the prognosis; that difficult appendix gives wound infection and every effort must be devoted to prevent bursting of the organ during operation and the abdominal wound should be well covered with gauze. ~~~ 0467 TIN NU, MG Prospective study of pneumoperitoneum in cases of peptic ulcer perforation. Thesis( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1981. 99 leaves. (IMM) Described the incidence of radiological evidence of preumoperitoneum in all cases of perforated peptic ulcers with due regard to time of perforation and admission, and the evaluation of the diagnostic significance of injection of air into the stomach in patients with perforated peptic ulcers, prior to Roentgenological examination.
~~~ 0468 TIN OHN
A study of gastric
acid analysis in some chronic duodenal ulcer cases subjected to truncal vagotomy.
Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Described the gastric acidity out-put before and after truncal vagotomy and the completeness of vagotomy by Hollander's test. ~~~ 0469 TOE LWIN. Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1989. 102 leaves. (IM 2) Thirty-one cases of clinically suspected intraabdominal abscesses were studied. Out of the 31 cases, 27 were diagnosed as intraabdominal abscesses by ultrasound. 26 were verified as intraabdominal abscesses. (Verification procedures included aspiration, drainage, laprotomy, postmortem examination and subsequent clinical course.) Among the 26 cases, there were 13 pelvic abscesses (50 per cent), 10 liver abscesses (38.5 per cent), 2 appendicular abscesses (7.4 per cent) and 1 subdiaphragmatic abscess (4.1 per cent). The highest incidence of intraabdominal abscess was found in the 20-30 year-age-group and 40-50 year-age-group. Intraabdominal bscesses were found to be more common in females (57.7 per cent) than males (42.3 per cent). Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis in pelvic abscess was 100 per cent and that of clinical diagnosis was also 100 per cent. accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis in liver abscess was 100 per cent and that of clinical diagnosis was only 83.3 per cent. In both pelvic and liver abscesses, ultrasound could provide valuable informations regarding to the nature of abscesses thus helping to improve the timing and approach of treatment. The false-positive result of ultrasonography for the appendicular abscess is one exasmple of limitations of ultrasound. A proper and complete clinical findings should be provided to the Radiologist whenever a suspected case of intraabdominal abscess is being investigated. This is particularly true with subdiaphragmatic abscess. Sensitivity of ultrasound in this study was found to be 100 per cent and specificity was 80 per cent. The overall Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis in intraabdominal abscesses in this study was found to be 96.8 per cent. In this study, ultrasound was found to provide informations required to dictate the line of treatment. ~~~ 0470 TUN AUNG. Treatment of acute superficial abscesses by primary closure. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) -- Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1985. 83 leaves. (IMM) This is the one year prospective clinical trial of the treatment of acute superficial abscesses by primary closure. Thirty one cases of acute superficial abscesses are treated by using the method of incision, curettage and primary closure in one year prospective clinical trial. There are also thirty one cases of acute superficial abscesses treated by the traditional method of incision and free drainage in one year prospective slinical trial. All the acute superficial abscesses in this clinical trial including both types of treatments comprise the same sites of distribution to have comparison of the results. This clinical study emphasizes the followings:- (1) Healing time. The healing time of an acute superficial abscesses treated by incision, curettage and primary closure wasnot sign ficant and not faster than those acute superficial abscesses treatedby incision and free drainage. The mean healing times in the treatment of acute superficial abscesses by incision, curettage and primary closure and incision and free drainage are 10 days and 11.85 days respectively. (2) Less hospitalization. This has no special difference. Because both groups treated by incision, curettage and primary closure and incision and free drainage have hospital stay day of one day only. (3) Fewer painful dressing. There found to be difinite fewer painful dressings in cases treated by incision, curettage and primary closure han in cases treated by incision and free drainage. (4). Less time off-work. The time off work is not so different in both groups of study. (5) Less inconvenience to the patients. There is definite convenience to the patients who receive the treatment of incision, curettage and primary closure. they are free from daily dressings such as in those cases treated by incision and free drainage. (6) Ease the overload on the hospital staff. The method of treatment of acute superficial abscesses by incision, curettage and primary closure case the overload on the hospital staff aspecially in units. with inadequate staff. It has an outpatient basis so that there is workload on hospital staff and also it reduces the care of potential reservoir of infection in the general surgical ward. It is the supose of this communication to the probable advantage of this method over the more converntional forms of treatment. Although this method of incision, curettage and primary closure of acute superficial abscesses has aimed at improvement in treatment, it has not yet enjoyed wide acceptance. Since no body as yet tried this method it was too early to recommend this as a standary method to be used suitable or otherwise in our hospital. ~~~ 0471 WIN KO An evaluation of peritoneal lavage as a diagnostic procedure in patients with closed abdominal trauma. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1984. 125 leaves. (IM 2)
~~~ 0472 WIN MYAING A clinical study of post-operative wound sepsis. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc.,Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (2), Yangon, 1984. 81 leaves. (IM 2) A double-blind study of post-operative wound sepsis was made on a total of 171 cases in the Surgical Unit of North Okkalapa General Hospital from August 1982 to July 1983. Influence of the age and sex of the patient, pre-operative hospital stay and duration of operation, sub-cutaneous fat thickness, use of drains and use of prophylactic antibiotics upon wound sepsis was determined. And detection of causal organisms for wound septic cases was also attempted microbiologically. The overall post-operative wound sepsis rate for this study was 7.6 per cent, wound sepsis rate for clean cases was 5 per cent, for clean-contaminated cases it was 10.7 per cent and for contaminated cases it was 30.8 per cent. Contaminated cases were included in the group of emergency cases. Wound sepsis rate for emergency operated cases was 11.6 per cent. Wound septic cases have to stay in hospital 4.6 days longer than non-septic cases. Definite longer hospital stay was found for the wound septic cases. There was no statistically significant influence of the age and sex of the patient, pre-operative hospital stay, duration of operation and sub-cutaneous fat thickness, upon post-operative wound sepsis. From this study it may be concluded that there was a statistically significant highersepsis rate for drained wounds (24.3 per cent) than for non-drained wounds (3.0 per cent), (p=0.001). In clean cases, there was also statistically significant higher sepsis rate in drained wounds (16 per cent) than non-drained wounds (1.3 per cent), (p0.1). For emergency cases, there was statistically significant higher wound sepsis rate in drained wounds (40 per cent) than non-drained wounds (3.03 per cent) (p=0.01). For clean cases, statistically significant reduction of wound sepsis rate was not found with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Therefore, if the wound clean, prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary, but if there is break of surgical technique or if a drain is used, prophylactic antibiotics should be given. The responsible organisms were isolated only in 3 out of 13 septic cases. All of the causal organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase positive), resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. No other organism was isolated in this study. There was no post-operative death due to post-operative sepsis or other causes. ~~~ 0473 YE LWIN A study of surgical manifestations of intestinal amoebiasis. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine (1), Rangoon, 1985. 128 leaves.(DMR; DMS; IM 1) The incidence of intestinal amoebiasis which needs operative treatment, the presentation and clinical features of intestinal amoebiasis with surgical manifestations, the pre-operative condition of the cases of intestinal amoebiasis, the operative findings, the operative procedures and the mortality are described. ~~~
Study of rubber band ligation method in the treatment of haemorrhoids in the M.G.H. Thesis ( M.Med.Sc., Surgery ) Institute of Medicine, Mandalay, 1984.(IMM)
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